"The family is both a biological and a cultural group. It is biologic in sense that it is the best arrangement for begetting children and protecting them while they are dependent. It is a cultural group because it brings into intimate association persons of different age and sex who renew and reshape the folkways of the society into which they are born. The household serves as a "cultural workshop" for the transmission of old traditions and for the creation of new social values." -- Arnold Gesell  |
Arnold Gesell pursued the task of observing and recording the changes in child growth and development from infancy through adolescence.
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Arnold Gesell is a maturationist who emphasized the physical and mental growth and he believed that the growth are strongly affected by heredity. Gesell classified few types of typical behaviours into 10 major areas as he called them as gradients of growth (Gesell & Ilg, 1949):
1. Motor characteristics
2. Personal hygiene
3. Emotional expression
4. Fears and dreams
5. Self and sex
6. Interpersonal relations
7. Play and pastimes
8. School life
9. Ethical sense
10. Philosophic outlook
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